Functional anatomy of the endocrine glands. Endocrine gland 2019-02-14
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Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands Essay
Hyposecretion results in diabetes insipidus. The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things. Hormones are used to communicate between and tissues for regulation and activities, such as digestion, , , function, , , , , , , , , and. They will use ducts to excrete their substance in this case, saliva. Endocrine Glands: Endocrine glands are ductless glands of human body that pour their secretions hormones directly into the blood.
A: Calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells found in the connective tissues between the follicles. Option C is the only one that would not make sense in the context of realistic situations that can compromise our endocrine system. . The thymus gland is located in the upper thorax, posterior to the. Main article: The hangs from the base of the by the , and is enclosed by bone. Although the function of some hormone-producing glands is purely endocrine, the function of others pancreas and gonads is mixed- both endocrine and exocrine.
Pituitary Gland: Anatomy, Function, Diagram, Conditions, Health Tips
The last two hormones—oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone—are produced by the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and later released. Visit this to watch an animation of the events that occur when a hormone binds to a cell membrane receptor. Addison's disease is an endocrine disease that results from hypocortisolism caused by adrenal gland insufficiency. While Loh noted that the condition can occur in people not undergoing treatment for diabetes, such an occurrence is fairly rare. From there, hormones diffuse into the bloodstream and may travel to distant body regions, where they elicit a response in target cells. The hypothalmus controls anterior pituitary functioning by neuro secretions. This communication and response can take seconds to days.
All insulin-dependent cells of the body require insulin in order to take up glucose from the bloodstream. Hormone diseases also occur if your body does not respond to hormones in the appropriate ways. Posterior lobe The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland also secretes hormones. Which of the following statements about insulin is true? Water-soluble hormones are unable to pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and are therefore dependent upon receptor molecules on the surface of cells. Its hormones include oxytocin and growth hormone, among many others. The ovaries produce the female sex hormones progesterone and estrogens. Calcitonin functions to reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the blood by aiding the absorption of calcium into the matrix of bones.
The glands are controlled directly by stimulation from the nervous system as well as by chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other glands. In , the is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. Within these islets are 2 types of cells—alpha and beta cells. These two hormones mainly affect the cells that are local to the source of damage, leaving the rest of the body free to function normally. The endocrine system regulates the development and the functions of the reproductive systems in males and females. If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected? Endocrine Glands Definition Endocrine glands are tissue or entire organs that excrete chemical substances or hormones directly into the blood rather than through a system of ducts.
The gonadotropic hormones regulate the hormonal activity of gonads ovaries and testes. Hormones of the Ovaries The female gonads or ovaries are a pair of almond-sized organs. Many factors can compromise this balance, however, resulting in endocrine disease. This can impact the release of hormones. Pituitary Gland The , also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized lump of tissue connected to the inferior portion of the hypothalamus of the brain. Adrenal medulla The adrenal medulla produces the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine under stimulation by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
Most triiodothyronine is formed at the target tissues by conversion of the thyroxine to triiodothyronine. In this way, neural communication enables body functions that involve quick, brief actions, such as movement, sensation, and cognition. Special features of endocrine glands are, in general, their ductless nature, their vascularity, and commonly the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules that store their hormones. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary There are several hormones of the anterior pituitary hormones that affect many body organs. This waste and extra water becomes urine, which is stored in the bladder. The parathyroid glands are mostly tiny masses of glandular tissue. What do all hormones have in common? Inflammation and injury of the lining of arteries lead to atherosclerosis and an increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
Testosterone promotes maturation of the male reproductive organs, development of secondary sex characteristics such as beard, hoarse voice, etc. Be sure to grab a pen and paper to write down your answers. These include disorders of the pituitary gland that can affect growth and disorders of the thyroid gland that can result in a variety of metabolic problems. In this condition, your blood contains an unusually high amount of prolactin. Homeostatic Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels.
