73rd amendment. The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1993 and the Status of Rural Local Governance in India in Last Two 2019-01-12
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73rd Amendment in Constitution of India
Elections not being held regularly; ii. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments were introduced in parliament in September, 1991 by the government of Prime Minister Narasimha Rao of the Congress l Party in the form of two separate bills: the 72nd Amendment Bill for rural local bodies also known as Panchayats and the 73rd Amendment Bill for municipalities. Santhanam Committee — recommended limited revenue raising powers for Panchayats and the establishment of State Panchayati Raj Finance Corporations. On the other side is the victim population of state, which is determined to fight against terrorism and stand with the nationalist forces of India, thereby giving a befitting reply to the terrorists and separatist class by zealously participating in the election process of the State. Design, Extent and Scope of Devolution Along with mandatory provisions in the 73 rd Amendment Act, there were many key discretionary provisions too, due to which the design and degree of implementation of these provisions were lying at the behest of the individual states depending upon their whims and fancies. It has enabled them to emerge as effective leaders and also to act as catalytic agents by inspiring confidence and providing stimulus for social change among rural women.
What is the difference between 73rd and 74th amendment to the Indian constitution?
Raj Panchayat System The system of self-rule established in the 73rd Amendment resurrects a pre-colonial tradition, a council of five village elders charged with settling disputes and guiding village decisions. The authority to amend the United States Constitution is written in Article V of the Constitution. It was observed that political power had remained in the hands of socially and economically influential people, with the poor man having little participation in political decision-making. World Bank Staff Working Papers Number 581, Management and Development Series Number 8 World Bank: Washington. In the panchayat system, one-third of all seats are now reserved for women. But they were few and far between.
Article 350B Constitution of India Article 249 in The Indian Constitution Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest 1 Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, if the Council of States has declared by resolution supported by not less than two thirds of the members present and voting that it is necessary or expedient in national interest that Parliament should make laws with respect to any matter enumerated in the State List specified in the resolution, it shall be lawful for Parliament to make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India with respect to that matter while the resolution remains in force 2 A resolution passed under clause 1 shall remain in force for such period not exceeding one year as may be specified therein: Provided that, if and so often as a resolution approving the continuance in force of any such resolution is passed in the manner provided in clause 1 , such resolution shall continue in … Article 112 in The Indian Constitution Annual financial statement 1 The President shall in respect of every financial year cause to be laid before both the Houses of Parliament a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India for that year, in this Part referred to as the annual financial statement 2 The estimates of expenditure embodied in the annual financial statement shall show separately a the sums required to meet expenditure described by the Condition as expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India; and b the sums required to meet other expenditure proposed to be made from the Consolidated Fund of India, and shall distinguish expenditure on revenue account from other expenditure 3 The following expenditure shall be expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India a the emoluments and allowances of the President and other expenditure relating to his office; b the salaries and allowances of the Chairman and the Deputy…. The concept of Village Panchayats was inserted in the Constitution in Article 40 under the chapter of Directive Principles of State Policy. The Success of India's Democracy. History of Panchayati Raj in Jammu Kashmir In the State of Jammu- Kashmir, the history of Panchayati Raj can be traced to the period of Maharaja Hari Singh, whose tenure is viewed by authors as progressive and welfarist. Moreover, provisions incorporated in the State Act do not impose an accountability and obligation upon the state government to mandatorily hold the elections to panchayat in time bound manner due to which State is losing grant of funds worth crores of rupees due to its inability of conducting panchayat elections on time. The Gram Sabha is recognized as a formal democratic body at the village level.
The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1993 and the Status of Rural Local Governance in India in Last Two
The very rationale behind the introduction of Panchayati Raj Institutions is to involve the rural public in local planning, identification of beneficiaries, decision making and proper implementation of policies and programs. It is clear that the primary source of democratic power is in the village. Women and Surrogate representation: Though, the one-third reservation has created a silent revolution in the country, the government always needed to support this watershed provision with sufficient social, economic and political conditions to enable women to participate effectively in the local government institutions. The multiple disadvantages that mark the conditions of rural women, therefore, necessitated the process of empowering them. However, states have been given enough freedom to take their geographical, politico-administrative and others conditions into account while adopting the Panchayati Raj System. Until the passage of the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments, the states were the only sub- national units officially recognized by the Indian constitution.
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment and Empowerment of Rural Women
The 73 rd Constitutional Amendment is a historic step in enhancing the participation of rural women in politics. Madison, then a member of the U. From a political point of view, it is an important element of participatory democracy wherein citizens have an opportunity to easily communicate their choices to elected officials who are accountable to them. Article 243K, the Constitution of India, 1950. While few States followed a two-tier system, the othe rs followed a system of three t iers.
Second, it also proposed the 64 th Constitution Amendment Bill to make it mandatory for all states to establish a three tiered village, block and district system of Panchayats in which representatives would be directly elected for five year terms. This is why the impulse for local self-government, embodied in Article 40, was placed in the non-justiciable Directive Principles of State Policy. They were a part of the Constitution and enjoyed the status of institutions of self-government, as parliament at the federal level and legislative assemblies at the state level. Several Representatives, opposed and claimed Madison had no authority to change the wording of the Constitution itself. The amendment also sets forth the responsibilities of the panchayat leadership and requires that one-third of all seats be held by women while scheduled minority or historically disenfranchised tribes and castes hold positions in proportion to their population in the village, block, or district. Members are pooled from the leaders of the panchayat samitis within the district. For example, it is known as Mandal Praja Parishad in , Taluka Panchayat in and , and Panchayat Samiti in.
So, an obvious question then arises that what could be the reason behind such failure and dull performances by the rural local governments, i. The Royal Commission on Decentralisation. People's views on equal rights, and racism have changed drastically, and if the Corwin Amendment was. It is worth noting that the main criticism leveled against the bill was that it offered the states little discretion in the design of local government reforms. Accordingly, it is proposed to add a new Part relating to Panchayats in the Constitution to provide for among other things, Gram Sabha in a village or group of villages; constitution of Panchayats at village and other level or levels; direct elections to all seats in Panchayats at the village and intermediate level, if any, and to the offices of Chairpersons of Panchayats at such levels; reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in proportion to their population for membership of Panchayats and office of Chairpersons in Panchayats at each level; reservation of not less than one-third of the seats for women; fixing tenure of 5 years for Panchayats and holding elections within a period of 6 months in the event of supersession of any Panchayat; disqualifications for membership of Panchayats; devolution by the State Legislature of powers and responsibilities upon the Panchayats with respect to the preparation of plans for economic developments and social justice and for the implementation of development schemes; sound finance of the Panchayats by securing authorisation from State Legislatures for grants-in-aid to the Panchayats from the Consolidated Fund of the State, as also assignment to, or appropriation by, the Panchayats of the revenues of designated taxes, duties, tolls and fees; setting up of a Finance Commission within one year of the proposed amendment and thereafter every 5 years to review the financial position of Panchayats; auditing of accounts of the Panchayats; powers of State Legislatures to make provisions with respect to elections to Panchayats under the superintendence, direction and control of the chief electoral officer of the State; application of the provisions of the said Part to Union territories; excluding certain States and areas from the application of the provisions of the said Part; continuance of existing laws and Panchayats until one year from the commencement of the proposed amendment and barring interference by courts in electoral matters relating to Panchayats.
What is the difference between 73rd and 74th amendment to the Indian constitution?
They made the process easier than having a revolution, but hard enough to really have to think about what is being done. As in 1935, it was Maharaja Hari Singh, who set the understructure by the promulgation of the Jammu and Kashmir Village Panchayat Regulation No. Of course, such cases were not many, but they were no less significant. Conclusion Reservation of seats for women under the 73 rd Constitutional Amendment Act has, undoubtedly, provided rural women with an opportunity of formal involvement in the development and political processes at the grassroots level thereby enabling them to influence the decision making process in the local governments. There has been an amendment bill pending that seeks to increase reservation for women to 50%. The country needed to develop a new solution to organizing and running a huge country with over one-billion people.
